As a big agricultural country, Holland and China are also facing the pressure of the comprehensive utilization and pollution control of livestock and poultry waste. Holland as an EU member, is also a major decision participants EU livestock industry and environmental protection policy, in the clean production technology policy, the development mode of circular agriculture, pollution prevention and management policy and other aspects of the formation of advanced concepts and experience, can provide an important reference for our country.
A comprehensive system of laws and regulations
Since 70s and 80s of last century, Holland has promulgated and implemented a series of laws and regulations, and established a reasonable and effective legal system. Including "animal feces," bill "," air quality plan "Natural Protection Act", "act" and other odors of national laws and regulations, clearly stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of environmental protection of the state, province, farms, farming enterprises, limited fowlery, pasture, manure storage field, production room, farmland NH3, CH4 and CO2, N2O emission standards or total emission threshold requirements.
At the same time, under the active promotion of the government of Holland, the research institutions have accelerated technological research and development, promulgated and implemented the "feasible technology for pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding", and standardized the application of technology and construction of the project.
A wide range of aggressive regulatory policies
Holland livestock pollution control policies covering all spur animal production, material circulation, pollution control facilities, fertilization control, focusing on 4 aspects: to reduce pollutant emissions, reduce the amount of animal farm animal manure storage loss, reduce loss, reduce crop nitrogen loss amount fertilization operation loss.
Among them, in the control of fowlery pollutant emissions, ammonia emissions directive Birdhouse maximum annual emission of pollutants per animal unit, the best available techniques provided in each individually designed Birdhouse and pollutant emission related parameters.
In the control of manure storage loss requires manure storage facilities must be sealed to prevent ammonia emission, feed ratio need accurate to reduce the loss of nutrients, and only in the farming season applied in animal manure.
In nutrient management for crop growth, making the nitrogen fertilizer standard, arable land is 60 kg / ha, pasture is 90 kg / ha, the target is in soil nitrogen and phosphorus control in the moderate level, set high on the P-deficient soil standard value of phosphorus rich soil to develop low standard value.
Positive and steady guiding fiscal and taxation policy
Holland livestock pollution control policies covering the production technological innovation, pollution control facilities construction subsidies, improve animal welfare and other aspects, focusing on 3 aspects: financial support for research and development of innovative technology and management, subsidies and fiscal incentives to new technology investment, support demonstration projects, technical advisory services, farmers the network capacity building project.
Through the national financial support, carry out technological innovation, technology development and application of experimental technology demonstration projects, encourage universities and research institutions to carry out the construction of pilot engineering enterprises, focus on the development of green housing construction technology, greenhouse gas reduction technology, biogas slurry microbial organic extraction technology, biogas power generation technology and innovative technology research and development, and technology the demonstration project construction and technology selection.
Macro control policy of combining planting and breeding and optimizing the allocation of resources
Holland from the national macro policy formulation to the specific implementation of the provinces, operational level, and strengthen the implementation of "land for livestock, breeding and combining" livestock breeding pollution prevention concepts.
In the national industrial structure layout macro level, according to the soil structure and physical composition, in the central and southern area of northern Holland, pigs, cows, and focus on the layout of laying hens and broiler breeding area; in addition, the national macroeconomic policies, implementation of animal manure in excess and shortage provinces provinces, as well as the flow between Holland and other EU countries finally, reduce soil manure load excessive provinces, must achieve a balance of planting area.
All provinces actively implemented the national macro policy, strengthened the operability of the policy, realized the paid transaction of manure in the farm, and further improved the utilization ratio of livestock manure.
Holland culture unit mainly includes two kinds: traditional farm type and specialized breeding farm. The traditional farmers generally have farms and livestock waste land, in addition to their own land to provide nutrition, rest by agreement is applied to other farms or made of solid fertilizer; specialized farms dry manure basic for the production of animal manure, biogas production by liquid fermentation and culture after algae (animal feed).
Strengthen the technical policy of taking waste as the main resource
The Holland government issued a technical feasibility guide directory, including clean production technology, production technology management technology and waste, these techniques are based on "manure nutrient utilization" system of material circulation theory.
The first is through the use of technology to control greenhouse gas emissions threshold, such as plant setting, waste collection system construction, the ventilation system construction techniques are used to reduce nutrient elements in the form of gas emissions, reduce the loss of nitrogen and carbon.
The second is through the waste resource utilization technology, make full use of agricultural ecological circulation system of material flow and energy flow, such as biogas power generation technology, microbial biomass biogas slurry extraction technology, dry manure biological fertilizer production technology, achieve the greatest degree of comprehensive utilization of waste.
Fine management and whole process control means
Government and section of Holland